A comprehensive study released by the Economic Policy Institute estimates that recent Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) raids have cost U.S. local economies more than $2.3 billion in lost wages, reduced consumer spending, and disrupted small‑business operations. The report, based on data from ten metropolitan areas with high raid activity, found that detained workers often occupy essential roles in agriculture, construction, and service sectors. Their sudden removal led to labor shortages, delayed projects, and increased costs for employers, which were ultimately passed on to consumers. The authors call for policy reforms that balance enforcement with the economic contributions of immigrant workers.
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